Less Invasive Answer to Knee Arthritis: Understanding Partial Knee Replacement
As we age, knee arthritis becomes an increasingly common and painful condition. The smooth cartilage that cushions the knee joint begins to wear away, causing the bones to rub against each other. This results in pain, swelling, stiffness, a grating sensation, and loss of movement. Over time, arthritis that begins on one side of the knee often spreads, making daily activities and even simple movements challenging.
The primary aim of managing knee arthritis is to relieve pain and help patients regain movement. In the early stages, conservative approaches are recommended. These include making lifestyle changes such as weight loss to reduce stress on the joint, engaging in physiotherapy and specific exercises to maintain strength and flexibility, and taking adequate rest with activity modifications to avoid overloading the knee. Painkillers and local joint injections may help manage symptoms, while using appropriate footwear and walking aids like canes can improve mobility and stability.
However, when these methods no longer offer relief, surgical options, such as partial knee replacement, may be considered.
For patients whose arthritis is confined to one side of the knee, Partial (or Half) Knee Replacement offers an excellent alternative to full knee replacement. This technique replaces only the damaged portion of the knee with a small artificial implant, preserving the healthy bone, cartilage, and all ligaments.
This approach is less invasive and more natural than a Total Knee Replacement, which replaces the entire joint. It involves a smaller incision with less trauma to the muscles, resulting in less blood loss and reduced post-operative pain. Patients typically experience a faster recovery, with shorter hospital stays and quicker returns to daily activities. The procedure also promotes more natural knee movement and improved function, with most patients able to walk with support within a day.
Recovery Journey
Most patients go home within 1–3 days of surgery. Physiotherapy begins early to restore movement and build strength. Pain gradually reduces over weeks, and by 4–6 weeks, many return to normal routines. By 3 months, most can walk, climb stairs, and get up from low chairs with little or no pain. However, high-impact activities like running and jumping should be avoided.
How Long Will It Last?
Modern partial knee implants can last 15 years or more with proper care and weight management. If needed, they can be more easily revised to a total knee replacement compared to replacing an already worn total knee implant.
Is It Right for You?
Partial knee replacement is a safe and effective solution for selected patients with limited arthritis. It provides pain relief, restores movement, and helps people return to the activities they enjoy.
Consulting with an orthopaedic surgeon can help determine if a partial knee replacement is the right step toward reclaiming mobility and quality of life.
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